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Makar Sankranti signifies the end of the winter solstice and the beginning of longer days as the Sun transitions northward in its journey, marking the onset of Uttarayana. This celestial shift symbolizes positivity, growth, and new beginnings. For India’s agrarian society, it is a time to celebrate the harvest and express gratitude to nature for its abundance.
The festival is celebrated across India under various names, each adding a unique flavour to the celebrations. In Tamil Nadu, it is Pongal; in Assam, Bhogali Bihu; in Punjab, Maghi; and in Gujarat, Uttarayan. Despite regional variations, the essence remains the same—gratitude, renewal, and joy. While kites, til laddoos and festive feasts dominate the festivities, one ingredient stands out as a quiet hero in kitchens across the country: mustard oil.
From flavouring traditional dishes to fueling rituals, mustard oil plays an indispensable role in Makar Sankranti. Its culinary, cultural, and symbolic importance weaves through the diverse customs of this festival.
Spiritual Significance
Makar Sankranti holds profound spiritual significance in Indian culture. It represents the triumph of light over darkness and the pursuit of wisdom over ignorance. The Sun worshipped as a deity, is believed to dispel obstacles and usher in prosperity, making the festival a perfect occasion for introspection, spiritual growth, and reconnecting with the divine.
In Hinduism, the six-month period of Uttarayana is regarded as highly auspicious. It is believed that souls departing the earthly realm during this time achieve liberation (moksha). This belief is exemplified in the Mahabharata, where Bhishma Pitamah relinquished his mortal body during Uttarayana to ensure his spiritual elevation.
A Culinary Essential for Festive Delights
Makar Sankranti is synonymous with traditional dishes that highlight regional ingredients and flavours. Mustard oil is a cornerstone of these culinary creations.
Assam’s Mah Korai and Til Pitha
In Assam, Bhogali Bihu celebrations feature mah korai, a crunchy mix made with sticky rice, sesame, black gram, roasted peanuts, and coconut, tossed in freshly pressed mustard oil. Similarly, til pitha—a rice and jaggery delicacy—gets its distinct aroma and flavour when paired with mustard oil, adding warmth and richness to the dish.
Bihar and Uttar Pradesh’s Litti Chokha
The smoky, earthy flavour of litti chokha owes its charm to mustard oil. Roasted litti dipped in mustard oil and mashed vegetables seasoned with this golden liquid are staples during Sankranti celebrations in these regions.
Bengal’s Pithe-Puli
In Bengal, pithe-puli—a combination of rice flour desserts with savoury accompaniments—comes alive with the sharp, pungent aroma of mustard oil. This balance of sweet and savoury showcases the oil’s versatility.
Sarson ka Saag: A Winter Classic
No discussion of Sankranti food is complete without sarson ka saag, a dish beloved in North India. Mustard oil’s high smoking point ensures a perfect sauté, enhancing the flavours of this hearty winter favourite.
A Symbol of Prosperity in Rituals
Mustard oil transcends the kitchen to play a significant role in Sankranti rituals. Its golden hue symbolizes abundance, prosperity, and hope. Mustard oil is traditionally used to light diyas during the festival, representing the illumination of the soul and the dispelling of darkness. Its warm glow perfectly complements the themes of gratitude and renewal.
A Health Booster for Winter Wellness
Celebrated during the peak of winter, Makar Sankranti emphasizes warmth and health—qualities mustard oil delivers effortlessly. Known for its warming effect, mustard oil is used for massages to relieve cold-induced aches and improve blood circulation. It also serves as a base for traditional remedies like garlic- or ajwain-infused oil, offering relief from colds and congestion.
Celebrating Makar Sankranti with Mustard Oil
From Assam’s mah korai to Uttar Pradesh’s litti chokha and Bengal’s pithe-puli, mustard oil weaves a common thread through diverse culinary traditions. It enhances flavours, supports winter wellness, and adds a golden glow to rituals, embodying the essence of Makar Sankranti.
This year, as we savour festive delights, let’s take a moment to celebrate the humble mustard oil. It is a reminder of our rich heritage and a vital part of Sankranti celebrations.